Each country has its own traditional architecture. So, Russia is steadily associated with huts, China with pagodas, Europe – with Gothic structures, the USA – with skyscrapers, etc. But at the mention of Germany, those who are fond of architecture or simply monitor modern trends in suburban construction, the term “eater houses” will come to mind. The Fahver House appeared in Germany, today they have become very popular in different parts of the world, including ours. The story of the Fakhverkaneman word Fachwerk is formed from two parts: das face – section, cell and das werk – construction. Literally, the “construction from sections” is obtained. Looking from the side at the eater houses, we will see exactly the accuracy of the definition. Similar to gingerbread houses from a fairy tale, they will not go unnoticed while walking along the old European streets. Their invariably light walls seem to be “cut” with dark wooden beams. The design of the sloping roof is completing. Fahver houses according to historians, Fahverk originated in Germany, in areas where there were rivers and a shipbuilding developed. To repair and build ships, it was necessary to understand the carpentry well. And once the masters realized that it was possible to build not only strong ships, but also solid houses. Fahverk originated in Germany dates from the appearance of the fajaver of the 12th century. But its heyday fell on the 15-16th century, when architects mixed a traditional fachwerk with new trends:
- with Baroque elements (pediments with large curls along the edges, an abundance of details on the facade, sculptures of people and animals),
- with Gothic elements (quotes from scripture on the facade),
- With the details of the Renaissance era (an abundance of characteristic sockets, shells, wreaths, flower vases on the facade).
In addition, the geographical division in the region also affected construction. If you visit several regions of Germany, then you will not meet the same Fakhver houses there. The following directions are distinguished: Frakonsky, Alemansky and Nizhneson Fahruk. The emergence of the Fachwerk dates from the 12th century was built at home, taking into account the fact that the land in those days was very expensive. Therefore, the living space was not to increase at its expense. Did this as follows:
- They built a frame of strong wooden racks and beams.
- The panels filling the space between them were made from a mixture of clay with wild reeds or straw. This mixture was called Saman (you can find out more about it from the publication, the construction of a Saman house for your family). Saman was applied to the “skeleton” of wooden rods.
- In order to expand the space in the room, enterprising Germans came up with the idea to build so that each floor was wider than the previous one and “hang” over it about half a meter. This overhanging floor also protected the lower from moisture. Subsequently, characteristic protrusions became one of the distinctive features of the eater as an architectural course.
- After completing work with the frame and panels, the house was plastered and painted. Moreover, they painted not anyists, but by a certain principle. The panels are bright, and a wooden frame is necessarily dark. The house became visually “broken” into cells. This is how another difference appeared that we will talk about later.
- And finally, the roof. In the old German fajaver houses, the roofs were tall, rolling. Under them was an additional dwelling.
As for the decoration of the facade and the house as a whole, only wealthy burghers could afford them. They invited experienced masters who know their job perfectly. The Fahver House, decorated with carvings at the request of the owner, could be recreated on the facade of the clan coat of arms, make a unique thread, decorate the house with sculptures, paintings or inscriptions: for example, with the wishes of good health and prosperity, or simply with information about who lives under this roof and glad the owners of the guests. Similar statements were called HausSprüche (from him. Das Haus – house and der spr – saying). Interesting: researchers of this type of architecture revealed that there are some symbolism in German fajver buildings. If the beams cross like the letter X, then this symbolizes the Andreevsky cross (on which the Apostle Andrei was crucified). Andreevsky cross if the segments of the side beams do not cross, then this form is called the “Swabian woman.” Why Schwabskaya? Most likely, the association goes with the national costume of Swabian women: a laid corset with a neckline and a magnificent skirt. If the beams resemble the letter “U”, then you are in front of you “Wild Man”. The origin of this name is really not known. Perhaps the steppe residents of medieval Germany represented a person with strange behavior – wild. A wild man curved curls in the form of the letter “S” on the corner beams were amulets from lightning. Terrible masks on the facade were protected from evil spirits and ill -wishers. Images of the Sun in the form of sockets were symbols of fertility and material well -being. The images of the Sun in the form of sockets were symbols of fertility and material well -being with the onset of the 18th century Fachwerk gave his position. It was very difficult to bring engineering communications in such a house, but I did not want to live without them. The 19th and 20th centuries are also marked by the Fakhverkov lull and mass construction of more modern buildings. But the 21st century stirred the interest in this style. In large cities of Germany and not only they began to restore ancient fajaver houses and build new, but already taking into account modern materials, trends, etc. And now the descendants of burgher houses are called the Fakhverk House, or Fahver Houses. Distinctive features of the eater houses color contrasts and windows in a row.
Is it possible to build a fachwerk in Russia? On the pages of the BSE (the Great Soviet Encyclopedia) there is a mention of the eater. But with a note that it can only be built in a warm climate, otherwise you will not be wintering. For example, in the south of the country: “… in the modern construction of a F. with a wooden frame and a brick or insane filling, they are mainly used in areas with a warm climate (including in production buildings of auxiliary purposes).” Such data were for the period 1969-1978. Project of the Fakhwerk house for Russia. Photo from the site sip-complect.ru but thanks to new technologies. Now the eater houses are no less warm than brick or from a beam. In cottage villages, namely, there are most often similar houses, there are all the necessary communications. Warm floors, double -glazed windows and modern heat -insulating materials protect well from the cold. There are houses with a fireplace or stove, you certainly will not freeze in them. So Fahverk began to slowly conquer his audience in Russia. Whether a fault house needs a certain interior is needed quite a controversial question. Such a thing as a “eater interior” does not exist. You can “enter” into such a house – from classics to country:
- Fans of antiquity can artificially aging beams and floorboards. As an option, you can put stone tiles on the floor.
- It is better to leave the walls with white (or any bright tone).
- Beams – necessarily contrasting dark to the walls. By the way, lighting can be removed to the beams.
- Forged things look good as decor elements: horseshoes, shelves, etc. If desired, even forged furniture will not be superfluous.
- The interior of the end of the end of the house implies the presence of a hearth. He will make him more domestic and comfortable. It doesn’t matter if the fireplace will be or the stove.
Interior in a mixed style: Fahverk + country. Photo from the site Shopingbasket.ru If there are no hobbies of antiquity, then the house can be turned into a modern spacious dwelling. Add the features of minimalism to the features of the eater:
- No forged products and abundance of accessories.
- A large amount of area remains free so that sunlight can freely fill the room.
- Beams are allowed to be painted in a light tone, slightly darker of the walls.
- A small fireplace (the furnace is inappropriate), a minimum of furniture, textiles of light tones, in general, nothing hesitates of the interior, and we get a house from a mixture of two seemingly opposite directions.
Modern interior: Fahverk + minimalism. Photo from the site Stroyka74.ru Fahver houses, despite popularity and ancient history in Europe, are considered exotic in our country. Not everyone takes a chance to “contact” with such a project. But with competent performance, the result will justify the spent forces and means. What do you think?
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